Question:

What are omega-3 fatty acids?

Answer:

Our bodies can produce most fatty acids from the food we eat. However, there are two fatty acids - called essential fatty acids - that we cannot produce and must be obtained from dietary sources. These two acids are Linoleic Acid (LA), an omega-6 fatty acid, and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid. ALA, EPA and DHA are the main members of the omega-3 family of fatty acids. ALA is the starting material for the biosynthesis of EPA and DHA, two important polyunsaturated fatty acids found in fish. These fats are also converted in our bodies into compounds and hormone-like substances that influence a large number of metabolic processes. EPA has important functions related to blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels (providing they are normal to begin with), healthy kidney function, inflammatory response, and healthy immune function. Many studies have shown that the intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids are related to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Other studies have shown omega-3 fatty acids, in the form of fish oil supplements, to be effective in supporting healthy joints. DHA is an important fat in the nerve cells of fetal and infant brains. DHA is also an important structural component of the retina and is therefore essential for eye development and growth. Some health authorities have even recommended fortifying commercially prepared infant formulas with DHA to support health and nervous system development.